GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- P (I)

AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

Agriculture plays an important role directly and indirectly in generating

economic growth. It provides food to consumers and fibers for domestic industry. It is a

source of scarce foreign exchange earning and provides market for industrial goods.

Agriculture has strong backward and forward linkages with industry as it is the largest

purchaser of farm inputs such as chemicals, fertilizers and machinery and supplies raw

material to textile and food processing industry.

Pakistan is blessed with a variety of climatic and geographic regimes which are

suitable to grow almost all kinds of food, fiber and cash crops including fruits and

vegetables. Wheat and rice are the main staple food crops while cotton and sugarcane

are the main cash/industrial crops and the economy of the country is purely dependant

on them.

Government has identified agriculture as one of the priority areas to be focused

to support economy and address unemployment and increasing poverty problems. The

key pillars of Government’s strategy in Agriculture sector are:

• To make the agriculture profitable in term of trade.

• Produce and ensure surplus for local industry and export.

• Bring innovation and knowledge in agriculture practices by better seed and

machinery.

• Improve policy and legal frame work to facilitate new investment and varieties.

• Timely address crises by maintaining surplus and improving logistic.

• Attract foreign investment and technology through bilateral and multi-lateral

interactions.

The major crops include wheat, rice, maize, millets, sorghum, sugarcane, pulses, cotton,

oilseeds. Pakistan is home to the aromatic long grain ‘Basmati rice’ grown in the plans of #orth Punjab. Some of the best varieties of fruits are grown in Pakistan includes

mangos, oranges, apples, peaches plums, apricots, cherries, grapes, pears,

pomegranate, guava, melons and dates. A wide variety of vegetables are also produced

in Pakistan.

The importance of agriculture to the economy is seen in three ways: first, it provides food to consumers and fibres for domestic industry; second, it is a source of scarce foreign exchange earnings; and third, it provides a market for industrial goods.

the agricultural sector plays an important part in Pakistan's economy by:

• contributing 24 percent towards GDP;

• providing food to about 130 million people;

• earning about 60 percent of the country's total export earnings;

• providing employment to 47 percent of the total work force;

• providing the main source of livelihood for the rural population of Pakistan;

• providing raw materials for many industries and a market for many locally produced industrial products.

ISSUES & CHALLENGES

• Poorly functioning factor markets and restricted access to assets limit opportunities for growth of rural areas and reduction in poverty.
• ·Inequality and land concentration.
• Agricultural growth is limited
• Unsuitable water resources management:
• Weak rural service delivery:

Question: Define Bank. Discuss the origin and evolution of bank.

Origin of Banking:

                It has not so far been decided as to how the word ‘Bank’ originated. Some authors suggest that this word has been derived from the word ‘Bancus’ or ‘Banque’ which means bench. The explanation for this word has been related to the fact that the Jews transacted their business of money exchange on benches in the market place; and when the business failed the ‘Bancus’ was destroyed by the people. Incidentally the word ‘bankrupt’ is said to have been evolved from this practice.

                Other authorities hold the opinion that the work ‘bank’ is derived from the German word ‘back’ which means ‘joint stock fund’. Later on Germans occupied major part of Italy and the word ‘back’ was Italianized into ‘bank’.

Evolution of banking:

                The history of banking starts almost at the same time the human civilization started. Natives of Iraq operated banking in 2000 BC in their temples. This system was also introduced in Rome but it was not successful. Passing through different tides a State Bank was formed with the name of ‘Banco di Rialto’ in Geneva in 1587. The Bank of Amsterdam was setup in 1609 and then different banks were set up in different countries. The evolution of banking passed through different stages which a given below.

1.       To The Merchants

The earliest stage in the growth of bank can be traced to the working of merchants. These merchants were traders in commodities. It was risky for the traders to carry metallic money with themselves for payment. The traders with high reputation began to issue receipts which were accepted as title of money. These receipts were also called ‘hundi’ in subcontinent and were the first mode of payments.

2.       The Goldsmiths

The second stage in the growth of banks is normally traced to earlier goldsmiths. These goldsmiths used to receive gold and silver for safe custody. The goldsmiths began to issue receipts for the metallic money kept with them. These receipts with the passage of time became payable to the bearer on demand. Consequently, the “goldsmith note” became a medium of exchange and medium of payment.

3.       The Moneylenders

The third stage in the development of banking arose when the goldsmiths became the moneylenders. The goldsmiths began to keep a small portion of the total deposits for meeting the demands of their customers and lent the rest. This allowed depositors to draw over and above the amount that they had actually deposited. In economic terminology, they allowed the facility of overdraft to their customers. Receiving of deposits an allowing overdraft facility arose the following functions in banking:

STAGES OF EVOLUTION OF MODERN MONEY

The following are the evolutionary steps of modern money:

1)      Receiving deposits:

The goldsmiths of England began to receive deposits of money in the last year of 16^th century.

2)      Origin of banknote:

In the early 17^th century, the deposit receipts or the notes issued by the goldsmiths began to circulate as money.

3)      Origin of cheque:

The issue of cheques began in the second half of the 17^th century.

4)      Issue of cheque books

About the middle of 18^th century the goldsmith bankers began to issue printed cheque forms.

Conclusion:

In the present banking has undergone a lot of changes and there has been great expansion in the functions of banks. Today every country of the world has its own banking system. 

Money, Banking & Finance

Banking

Following is list of questions that if you prepare will ensure more than 80% marks. 

Question 1:         a). What is a commercial bank?fferne

                             b). State the origin and evolution of banks.

                             c). Also explain the functions of commercial banks.

Question 2:         a). What are the different types of banks?

                            b). Explain the role and importance commercial banks in the economic development of a country.

Question 3:         How do commercial banks create credit?

Question 4:         Define negotiable instruments. What are the different types of negotiable instruments?

Question 5:         What are different types of accounts that are maintained by commercial banks?

Question 6:         Discuss the nature of relationship between the bank and its customers.

Question 7:         Under which conditions bank may refuse the payment on cheque?

Question 8:        Discuss the difference between bank loan, overdraft and cash credit.

Question 9:        What are the precautions for bank while sanctioning loan?

Question 10:      a). What is letter of credit?

                            b). How a Letter of credit is opened and operated?

                            c). What are the advantages of Letter of Credit to bank, the importer and exporter?

Question 11:      What is central bank? Discuss its functions.

Question 12:      Wow will you differentiate between commercial and the central bank?

Question 13:      Define monetary policy. Discuss the objectives and methods of monetary policy.

Question 14:      What are the causes of nationalization in Pakistan? Discuss its merits and demerits.

Question 15:      Write a short note on privatization.

WriterBay.com Sample Test

Thought i should share the screenshots of the test for writers for anyone who might be looking for a sample test. 

Hello Students, 

I am back after a long time... Am planning to revive this space and reach out students with notes. Starting with business and accounting related and later expanding to all subjects.

We were starting a series of commerce and accounting related notes and question papers. Stay tuned.

If you would like to have any specific subjects that you need notes for, then let us know.

You can also send in questions you need answers for, but that does not mean that I will do your homework for you ;)

Looking forward to hearing from all you guys. Your feedback is important and tells me how and what should I do here.

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A Nation's Strength - Ralph Waldo Emerson

A Nation’s Strength

The poem Nation’s Strength is written by an American essayist, lecturer and poet, Ralph Waldo Emerson. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1980. His original profession and calling was as a Unitarian minister. He left the ministry to pursue a career in writing and public speaking. Emerson became one of America's best known and best loved 19th century figures. His works include over 1500 published essays, lectures and poems.  His writing style is seen as profound. Emerson's essays remain among the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that have followed him.

 In this poem, Emerson uses vivid imagery and metaphors to convince the reader that the strength of a nation is not in its wealth or military prowess but its people. Neither does it depend upon heaps of wealth or gold.  He says that real strength of a nation lies in the men of character. These men up hold the cause of honour and truth; they remain united and face hardships for long period of time. Such men are brave, truthful, stead fast, self respecting and hard working. They do not care about their personal loss. They sacrifice their individual interest in the larger interest of their nation. They work while others enjoy a sound sleep. They bear every trial with courage. They dare and remain steadfast while others run away. They lay the foundation of a nation very deep and thus take nation to the highest point of glory.

Blessings of God - Summary

Blessings of God

This poem, more popularly known by the title All Things Bright and Beautiful, is written by an Irish hymn-write and poetess Cecil Frances Alexander. She was born in Dublin in April 1818. Her poetry is religiously inspired. She wrote hymns and religious songs for children. Her book ‘Hymns for Little Children’ became very popular and her compositions were included in Church of Ireland’s hymn books. This poem along with others is known by hear to millions of Christians across the world.

This poem is a hymn of high degree. The poetess eulogizes about the God. She enumerates some of the blessings of god which we take as granted. She exhibits His splendor and magnificence by telling that all beautiful and bright things, wonderful and wise creatures reflect the Godliness. She says that little flowers in multitude of colors and birds with tiny wings have beautified this world. The third stanza of the poem gives natural scenery in words. Purple headed mountains, the running rivers, the scene of sunset and sunrise speak volumes of greatness of God Almighty. The cold winter, the pleasant summer sun and the ripe fruits are the subject matter of the fourth stanza. The tall trees, the meadows and the tiny plants across the river are matchless and scenic blessings of God.

"Nature is the beautiful handwriting of God"

The last stanza carries a thought provoking notion. The poetess says Our Benefactor has blessed us with eyes to see His wonderful creations. He has given us lips to speak high of God Almighty therefore we should be thankful to our Creator for His countless blessings upon us. We should praise the god in our prayers and sings His hymns.

Class 8 - Social Studies - Chapter # 7 British Arrival in the Subcontinent

Chapter # 7

British Arrival in the Subcontinent

Question#1.       What was the objective behind the efforts of European nations to find new lands and routes?

Answer:               European Nations were competing against one another to find different routes of land and sea to reach the East and the Far East. Their efforts were directed at two objectives:

a)      to find new routes and land to establish new colonies.

b)      to expand trade and accumulate wealth and knowledge.

Question#2.       Write the detail of early trade activities of early activities of the British in the sub-continent.

Answer:               The first British trade centre was established in 1608 A.D. at Surat near Bombay. An English Ambassador Sir Thomas Rowe got many trade concessions from the Mughal King Jehangir in 1612. Big and small trade centers were opened by them at different places. Most surprisingly, the Mughal Kings allowed the British to have their own currency, build forts and keep a small army for protection.

 In the early years if the 18^th century the East India Company was set up to look after the trade activities in the subcontinent. This company not only did trade but also indulged in the local political affairs. Very soon they had their own pockets of influence where they virtually ruled independently.

Question#3.       Write a brief note on the fight for supremacy among the European nation in the subcontinent.

Answer.               In addition to the British other European nations like Holland. Portugal and France also set up their own trading centers which led to trade and political jealousies and clashes began to occur.

In the middle of the eighteenth century the French and the British were fighting against each other for supremacy. The first open clash occurred at Karnatak in which the French were defeated. This opened the way for the British to grab territories and establish themselves as rulers. The wealth that the East India Company had amassed in England was instrumental in defeating the French and closing down trade centers of other European Nations in India.

Question#4.       Why was Sirajuddaula not liked by the East India Company?

Answer.               Nawab Sirajuddaula did not allow British to keep armies or build forts. This made the British very hostile towards the Nawab. They started to conspire against him. They made the fort of Calcutta a stronghold against the wishes of the Nawab.

Question#5.       When and why Nawab Sirajuddaula attacked the British?

Answer.               The Nawab was forced to attack the British when they made the fort of Calcutta a stronghold with his permission and against his wishes. Sirajuddaula attacked the factory of Qasim Bazar and occupied it. He also attacked Fort William, defeated the British but somehow did not occupy the fort.

Question#6        How did the British react after the defeats at Qasim Bazar and Fort William?

Answer.               The defeats at Qasim Bazar and Fort William produced great commotion in the British Madras Council. Army and naval units were sent to Bengal under the command of Watson and Clive. The conspired with Nanak Chand, the Dewan of Dhaka and captured the fort of Damdam and looted the property of the people of Hoogly. Lutf Khan and Mir Jafar also played the role of traitors and actively helped the British against Sirajuddaula.

Question#7        Give the reasons for the defeat of Sirajuddaula in the Battle of Plassey.

Answer.               Everyone in the council of Sirajuddaula advised him to give battle to the British but the Nawab knew their intentions. At this, Sirajuddaula contacted the Mughal King of Dehli, the French and the Marhattas but no one came to his help. Sirajuddaula moved his army to the battlefield of Plassey. He had an early success but the treachery of Mir Jafar Turned tables. Withdrawal of the battle units of many Sardars caused panic in the ranks of Nawab’s army and as a result Clive won the battle.

Question#8        Write an account on the unfaithfulness and treason of Mir Jafar.

Answer.               Mir Jafar met Clive in 1757 and requested the British General to help him ascend to the throne. Clive agreed and advised him to make a dash for Murshidabad and capture the treasury. In the meantime Sirajuddaula had also reached there. When he learnt about his army’s defeat and the treachery of Mir Jafar he wanted to run away but was caught and killed by the son of Mir Jafar.

Question#9        What steps did Mir Qasim take to crush the British power?

Answer.               Mir Qasim was a clever person. As soon as he got some respite, he set about the task of rearranging his army and tried to make it string and reliable. He crushed the rebellious Sardars, captured their forts and forfeited the Jagirs. Also Mir Qasim shifted his capital from Bengal and Bihar. He wanted to become strong enough to be able to oust the British from that area.

Question#10      Write a note on the early life and carrier of Hyder Ali.

Answer.               Hyder Ali was born in Mysore in 1722. From early childhood he received through training in the art of warfare. He started his career as an ordinary soldier, but later by the dint of hard work became Commander-in-Chief of Mysore forces. The ruler of the State of Mysore was so pleased with Hyder Ali’s conduct and performance that he entrusted him all important affairs of the State. He worked very hard to set the affairs of the state right. He reorganized the army on the pattern of the British and French forces.

Question#11      Write a note on the life of Hyder Ali as a Ruler.

Answer.               Hyder Ali soon conquered the adjoining territories and turned Mysore into a formidable kingdom. This caused great alarm in the minds of Manhattans, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the British. But Hyder Ali was a wise ruler he tackled all three opponents. He forced Colonel bailey to lay down arms. The British had to sign a treaty with Hyder Ali. Their prestige received a great setback.

Question#12      What measures did Fateh Ali Tipu take oust the British and why did he not succeed?

Answer.               The real name of Tipu Sultan was Fateh and he was son of Hyder Ali. He was a very brave and courageous person.

Hyder Ali’s advice to hid son:

Hyder Ali advised his son not to rest until the British had been hunted out of India. Tipu followed his father’s advice in its true spirit.

Important steps:

        I.            He tried his best to unite the Muslim rulers against the British.

      II.            He increased the tempo and inflicted many defeats on the British.

    III.            He tried his best to bring Manhattan’s in his camp but he refused due to some problems.

Question#13      what were the reasons of Tipu Sultan’s defeat?

Answer.               His best efforts failed to produce desired results due to following reasons:

        I.            He did not succeed in bringing the Manhattans, Nizam's and the French to his camp.

      II.            His noble men Mir Sadiq and Purnia became traitor against him.

Question#14      What was the main reason of the start of War of Independence 1857?

Answer.               The cause of the War of Independence 1857 lies in the deep-rooted human love for liberty and self rule. It maybe viewed as a last ditch battle on the part of Muslims against the alien rulers.

Question#15      What was the simple incident that started the war of 1857?

Answer.               The war was precipitated by a simple incident. It was believed that cartridges made by British were covered with the fat of pigs and cows. The cartridges were to be bitten by mouth before use. This injured the religious feelings of both Muslims and Hindus. Hence they refused to use them. At this resistance the British government forces to discipline the soldiers. This led to the rebellion.

Short Questions

        I.            When was the first British trade center opened in subcontinent?

Ans. The first British trade center in India was established in 1608 A.D.

      II.            What special offer did Jahangir give to the British?

Ans. He allowed them to have their own currency, build forts and keep armies for protection.

    III.            How did Aurangzeb treat British?

Ans. He gave them the permission to build the city of Calcutta and Fort William

    IV.            Why was the East India Company set up?

Ans. It was set up to look after British trade interests in the subcontinent

      V.            Name some European nations who had trade centers in India.

Ans. Holland, Portugal, France, and England set their trade centers in India

    VI.            How did Ali Vardi Khan treat the British?

Ans. Ali Vardi Khan kept them under strict supervision

  VII.            What did Ali Vardi Khan advice to Sirajuddaula?

Ans. He advised Sirajuddaula not to allow the British to keep army or build forts otherwise Bengal would be lost.

VIII.            What was the British attitude towards Nawab Sirajuddaula?

Ans. Their attitude was very hostile towards the Nawab Sirajuddaula. They started conspiracies against him.

    IX.            When was Tipu Sultan born?

Ans. Hyder Ali was born in 1750.

      X.            What was the motto of Tipu Sultan?

Ans. His motto was, “it is better to live for a day like a lion than to exist for hundred years like a jackal”

My Mother

This charming and moving poem was composed by Ann Taylor (1782 to 1866). She was born In England. She belonged to an extensively literary family. She is best known and remembered as a poetess, hymn writer and children's author. She collaborated with her sister Jane Taylor, who wrote the famous poem Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. Their work was usually for children and had moral lessons in it. Together they published ‘Original Poems for Infant Minds’ and ‘Hymns for Infant Minds’.

The poem expresses the natural devotion between a mother and her child. Ann Taylor pays rich tributes to her mother for her endless love. The poetess recalls her childhood in most striking and simple words. She recalls that her mother used to be at her side during infancy. She remembers that her mother used to dress her in nice and fancy clothes.  It was her mother who taught her how to play. Her mother always understood what she wanted to say even when she couldn’t speak. Ann remembers that her mother was always there when she had any trouble. Her mother picked her up from each of her falls and kissed her to make the pain go away.

Towards the end of the composition the poetess is mindful of her duty towards her mother. She pledges that she will not leave her mother alone when she has grown old and frail. The poetess vows that she will take care of her mother with the same love and care as her mother did when she was young and fragile. 

The Character of a Happy Life - Summary

The Character of a Happy Life

The poem The Character of a Happy Life, has been written by Sir Henry Wotton. He was born in Kent and the son of country gentleman. In this poem Wotton has described the characteristics of a person who can truly be called a happy man.

We find Wotton’s poem has a sharp sense of contrast between the uneasy life of the ambitious man and the contented life of man satisfied to live an obscure life of peaceful virtue. Sir Henry Wotton wrote from experience; for had seen for himself the rise and fall of ambitious men. The poem consisting of six stanzas of regular couplet rhymed.

“Nature is the peace not the Land.”                                                                    John Keats

The poet narrates thata  person who has freedom of will and thought leads a happy life. He does not act according to other people’s wishes. His only weapon is his simplicity and truth.

Such an upright man is not a slave of his desires. The dispassionate soul is always prepared for death  believing that death is the defining moment of life: the moment of religious judgment when virtue is rewarded and vice is punished. This man is not concerned about what people say about him publicly or privately.

This upright man is not jealous. Wotton continues by saying that anyone pledged to a happy life envies no one who has become successful—which is likely to have been either by “chance” or “vice.” The “deepest wounds” are “given by praise” because flattery feeds pride; whereas happiness relies on transcending the ego. He does not abide by the rules of the society which compel a person to do wicked deeds. He follows the rules of goodness which will lead him to the right path.

A happy man’s life is free from numerous worries when he is sad he retires in his comfort of clear conscience. He hasn’t got a high position. Therefore people don’t flatter him or ridicule him at his own fall. A happy man prays to God regularly. In this prayer he does not ask for things but he thanks God for being gracious and merciful on him. His favorite pass time is good book or friend. A man who is truly happy is free from slavery of his desires. He isn’t ambitious. He does not expect too much therefore his hopes aren’t shattered. He doesn’t fear a downfall. This man hasn’t got lands or wealth and yet he has everything. He has got the greatest wealth of contentment and happiness.

about Sir Henry Wotton

Abou bin Adhem - Summary

Abou bin Adhem

Abou Ben Adhem is a poem, by James Henry Leigh Hunt, with a religious concept. The poet has conveyed the ideas of happiness, peace and love through easy and flowing rhymed couplets.

“Love is in your heart which is given by God, so give it to others.”                           John Keats

Abou Ben Adhem was a religious person. One night when he was sleeping peacefully in his room, a sparkling light woke him up.

He found out that this bright light was due to the presence of an angel who was writing something in a golden book. Being a pious man, Abou was not afraid of the Angel and the silence in the room made him more courageous. He asked the angel what he was writing in the book. The reply Abou heard was that he was writing the names of all those people who love God. About asked the angel curiously if his name was in the list. The angel replied was negative. He then politely requested the angel to write his name as those people who love God’s fellow men. The angle wrote and disappeared. The other night, it came again with a still glistening light and displayed the names of people whom God had blessed. Abou Ben Adhem saw that his name was on the top of the list and it led all the rest.

This poem conducts the idea that we should love humanity and care for people.

“To get love from God, love the board.”


about James Henry Leigh Hunt
other poems by James Hunt

Evening - Summary

Evening

Thomas Miller is a famous poet and novelist of modern English literature. He has written over 40 volumes.  ‘Evening’ is one of his inspiring poems.

The poet sketches a depiction of the fall of the evening. The poet narrates that the day is over and the shining stars have now come into sight in the evening sky. There is dew on the grass. The night is air is now taken by bats. Animals and birds have all gone to sleep. The darkness envelops the whole atmosphere. But the poet is not afraid of the night to the darkness. He feels secure and out of harm’s way even through the night and during his sleep because he has a staunch faith in god. Miller believes that god is the creator of the universe and he controls the seas and the skies. He trusts that god will look after him and will be always with him whenever he prays to him for his help. The poet closes the poem with the connotation that god loves all the people alike irrespective of their rank, creed or color.

about Thomas Miller

Little Things - Summary

Little Things

In the poem ‘Little Things’ the poetess, Julia Abigail Fletcher Carney, highlights the importance of little things. The poetess states that small things in life often indicate great changes in our lives. The poetess supports this claim by demonstrating that all big things are made up of minuscule building blocks. The great seas are made up of tiny drops of water. In the same way, this lovely land is made up of diminutive grains of dirt and sand.

Afterwards she reflects that our small deeds determine the course of our life. She tries to impress upon us that even the small evils and vices that we commit can lead to depths of sin. Likewise our little good deeds can make us very happy and turn this place into an image of the Paradise.

about Julia A. Carney

Chap#2 Q&A - Class 9th - English

Chapter-2 (Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed)

2. at the time of embracing Islam, what did Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed say to Hazrat Mohammed (SAW)?

Ans. At the time of embracing Islam, Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed requested the Hoy Prophet (SAW) to pray for his forgiveness by Allah. He also promised to devote his future life to the service of Islam.

3. What title was given t Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed by Hazrat Mohammed (SAW)? And why?

Ans. Hazrat Mohammed (SAW) gave him the title of ‘Saifullah’ which means the sword of Allah. He was given this title because he was very brave.

Chap#4 Q&A - Class 9th - English

Chapter-4 (Little Things)

1.       Explain the main idea of the poem.

Ans. Small things in life indicate great changes. We see that all big things are made up of small, minute components. The great seas are made up of tiny drops of water, in the same way this lovely land is made up of tiny grains of sand and dirt.

Likewise, little errors become big sins. Little deeds of kindness can console the broken hearts and bring happiness in this world.

2.       How do little deeds of kindness make our life happy?

Ans. Little deeds of kindness and little words of love can bring happiness to dejected hearts. Such words and deeds can make us dear even to our enemies and make is world a very happy place to live in.

Chap#3 Q&A - Class 9th - English

Chapter-3 (Kindness to Living Things

1.       Write a few lines on “Kindness is a great Virtue”.

Ans. Kindness is a great virtue. Kindness benefits both, the giver and the receiver. Islam teaches us to be kind with everyone and even with the animals. Kind words and deeds are a sure way of winning god’s grace.

2.       Why should we be kind to animals and birds? Do hey serve us? If so, in what ways?

Ans. Animals and birds serve us in various ways. We get milk and meat from animals like cows, goats and hens. We use the animals like horse, camel, donkeys and oxen for transportation. Therefore we should be kind to animals.

3.       Write an instance that you may have read about kindness to animals from the life of Hazrat Mohammed (SAW)

Ans. Once Hazrat Mohammed (SAW) saw a man treating his camel harshly. The Holy Prophet came back home but could not sleep all night. The next day the Holy prophet (SAW) met that man, purchased the camel and set it free.

Chap#1 Q&A - Class 9th - English

Chapter -1 (Hazrat Mohammed – The Greatest Reformer)

Answer these questions.

1.       Who is reformer?

Ans.  A reformer is one who brings about reforms in a society.

2.       What was the result of Hazrat Mohammed’s (SAW) teachings on the people of Arabia?

Ans. It was the result of Hazrat Mohammed’s (SAW) teachings that the savage, idol worshippers of Arabia became civilized people.

3.       What was the condition imposed on the prisoners of Battle of Badar?

Ans. The prisoners of Battle of Badar were asked to teach the children of Muslims to read and write. On this condition they would get freedom

4.       What was the condition of women before the advent of Islam?

Ans. Before the advent of Islam, women were treated in a very inhumane manner. Most of the girls were burnt or buried alive in their childhood.

5.       What was the system introduced by Hazrat Mohammed (SAW) to check injustice?

Ans. Hazrat Mohammed (SAW) introduced the judicial procedure to check injustice and cruelty. Judges were appointed to settle individual or party matters.